Among the alternative techniques available for flood control, Infiltration of rainwater is one of the most important methods to control stormwater effects. Conceptual river Infiltration models are very useful for application to control urban flood water, especially in the case of Infiltration basins. Contrary to mathematical models, these models are very simple, and unlike empirical models, their parameters are very easy to calculate. Four selected models (Dupuit-Forchheimer, Ernst, Miles and Morel-Seytoux) were employed for simulation of the Infiltration process in Infiltration basins. The study showed that the hydrograph computed by these models were closely similar to the real hydrograph. The three models (Dupuit-Forchheimer, Ernst, and Miles) showed far lower sensitivity to their parameters than the Morel-Seytoux one.

Introduction: An important variable in investigation of agility during puberty is the age of reaching peak high velocity, which like other agility indicators is under the effect of different factors such as physical condition and type. The purpose of present research was to examine relationship between somatotype and peak high velocity (PHV) among Iranian 7-10 years old boys.Methods: Participants were 313 7-10 year-old members of Basij talent identification centers in all Iran's provinces. Somatotype data were calculated using Heath-Cartr instruction and PHV was measured using Mirwald formula and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions.Results: Results of pearson correlation showed that PHV had a positive correlation with ectomorphy and negative correlation with endomrphy and mesomorphy. Total correlation between PHV and somatotype was 0.50 which explained 25% of PHV variance. Results of regression analysis showed ectomrphy and endomorphy were significant predictors of PHV but msomrphy was not a significant predictor of PHV.Conclusion: Endomorphy had a smaller part in predicting the PHV age, but mesomorphy was not a strong predictor, Moreover, ectomorphy following endomrophy had a strong predicting power. Studies in this area suggest that those who have greater ectomorphic characteristics are less agile and the physiologic requisites for their puberty develop later in their bodies. Therefore poor sport performance of ectomorphic children may result from their distance to PHV age so coaches and instructors should consider this measurement and somatotype.

One of the important factors on soil Infiltration is the crop cover. Temporal variation of Infiltration causes change in application efficiency. For evaluating temporal variation of Infiltration two methods namely double rings and advance phase in border were used. The irrigation method was border and the crop type was Chickling Vetch . Infiltration equation used in this study was Kostiakov-Lewis. The double rings method was used in the bare land. The Infiltration parameters were determined using the method of advance phase in border for 0 , 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 and 100 percent of crop cover. The results show that Infiltration characteristics change with changing crop cover percentage. The cumulative Infiltration for a target time decrease with increasing crop cover percentage. In this research the double rings and advance phase methods were compared. The results showed that the cumulative Infiltration was greater than that for double rings method. In addition the Infiltration parameters using the two methods were compared.

Background: Sexual dysfunction in males is characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for a satisfactory sexual activity. Erectile dysfunction is a common disorder in males and intracavernosal injection of papaverine followed by color Doppler ultrasonography of the penis is used to diagnose and treat vascular impotence. In this study, we examined the relationship between changes in peak systolic velocity (PSV) and erectile dysfunction with vascular cause after a cavernosal injection of papaverin.Methods: We performed this self-controlled clinical trial in Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2010 and 2011. The study population consisted of 90 patients with erectile dysfunction. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) of cavernosal arteries was evaluated before and after injection of 40-80 mg papaverine and it was compared in the patients with and without response to injection.Results: The mean age of participants was 47.7±13.7 years. Response to papaverine injection was positive in 41 (45.5%) patients. The mean PSV values were 14.68+5.65 and 53.74+18.8 cm/s before and after the injection, respectively (P<0.001). A PSV cut-off point of 10 cm/s was determined for the condition before injection. The sensitivity and specificity of the value for diagnosis of arterial erectile dysfunction were calclulated as 50% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: A PSV cut-off point of 10 cm/s in flaccid status before papaverine injection has a low sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of arterial erectile dysfunction. Future studies with sufficient cases of arterial erectile dysfunction are necessary for final judgments and suggestion a new cut off point.

Water Infiltration into the soil is one of important hydrological parameters. This study was conducted for Phillip and Horton parameters and final water Infiltration rate prediction using artificial neural network and support vector machine (SVM). The soil water Infiltration was measured in 100 points of Abarkouh city landscape (Yazd province) with double ring method. The samples from 0-30 cm of soil surface were analyzed for bulk density, texture, organic matter, sodium adsorption ratio, porosity, geometric mean particle diameter and geometric standard deviation of soil particle. The multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) with 4 different scenarios with 3, 5, 7 and 9 inputs and SVM with 9 inputs were analyzed for Infiltration parameters and final water Infiltration rate prediction. The results showed that the network with 9 inputs had the greatest R2 and the lowest error in Phillip and Horton parameters prediction. The study of prediction ability of ANN for Horton and Phillip parameters showed that the greatest capability was related to final Infiltration rate to net design as 9-5-1 with R2 equal to 0. 84. The sensitivity analysis showed that the designed nets had greater sensitivity to soil sodium adsorption ratio and the organic matter than other 7 parameters. The SVM model had good ability to water Infiltration rate prediction based on basic soil properties. SVM model had better ability in soil water Infiltration rate prediction compared to ANN model.

Separate sewer networks are designed and built to collect foul sewage from buildings and convey it to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, due to some holes and cracks on the pipes or unsealed pipe joints, a volume of ground or subsurface water that is placed in saturated or unsaturated zones intrudes sewers and WWTPs. In a condition that the wastewater level in the sewer stands higher than the groundwater level, wastewater leaks into the soil and groundwater and this phenomenon is called sewer exfiltration. Moreover, during a rain event, a part of the precipitation gets into the sewer system through the illicit connection of the yard drains and roof downspouts to the building’ s lateral, and this part of the flow is called rainfallderived inflow and Infiltration (RDII). In this research, Infiltration, exfiltration, and RDII were evaluated in a 16-month period to show the range of inflow and Infiltration in the sewer network under the service of the South Tehran WWTP. Results show that the Infiltration constitutes the major volume of the total inflow and Infiltration. But the RDII leads to more operational problems due to its nature as an intense flow. After calculating the range of inflow and Infiltration, results show that the average Infiltration rate that entered the WWTP in the year 2014 was 0. 0175 L/s/ha that is much less than the values mentioned in Criterion No. 118. Furthermore, total inflow and Infiltration in five hours of the study period crossed the upper limit of the inflow and Infiltration range (0. 6 L/s/ha) in Criterion No. 118 that shows the high percentage of illicit connections in Tehran and a high volume of rainfall that enters the sewer network. Accordingly, the inflow and Infiltration range in the Criterion No. 118 seems to be an unsound range and it needs some revisions.